What characteristic finding is seen on a peripheral blood smear in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency?

In glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, the characteristic finding on a peripheral blood smear is the presence of bite cells. These bite cells result from oxidative damage to red blood cells, which can occur during episodes of hemolytic anemia triggered by stressors such as infections, certain foods (like fava beans), or medications.

The oxidative stress leads to the formation of Heinz bodies, which are denatured hemoglobin aggregates. The spleen then removes portions of these damaged red blood cells, resulting in the "bitten" appearance of the cells. This distinguishing feature is key in diagnosing G6PD deficiency and helps healthcare providers identify patients who may be at risk for hemolytic episodes. Recognizing bite cells on a peripheral smear is crucial for understanding the underlying pathophysiology of this condition and guiding appropriate management and lifestyle recommendations for affected individuals.

While other findings like microcytic anemia, bands (immature neutrophils), and schistocytes can indicate different hematological conditions, they are not specific for G6PD deficiency as bite cells are.