What condition is characterized by painful, swollen, and red breasts within three months of breastfeeding?

Lactational mastitis is characterized by painful, swollen, and red breasts within the first three months of breastfeeding, which aligns with the symptoms described in the question. This condition occurs when bacteria enter the breast tissue through a cracked nipple or an obstructed milk duct, leading to inflammation and infection.

During the early stages of breastfeeding, particularly when mothers are still adapting to the process, the risk of developing blocked ducts or infections can increase due to factors like inadequate breastfeeding techniques, infrequent nursing, or the presence of cracked or sore nipples. The hallmark signs of lactational mastitis include localized pain, swelling, and warmth in the affected breast, often accompanied by systemic symptoms like fever and chills, indicating an infection.

In contrast, periductal mastitis typically occurs in non-lactating women and is often related to other factors, such as hormonal changes or smoking. A galactocele, which is a milk-filled cyst, usually does not present with the same acute inflammatory symptoms. Lastly, non-lactational mastitis refers to breast inflammation occurring outside the context of breastfeeding and is less likely to present with the acute symptoms described within three months of breastfeeding. This understanding reinforces why lactational mastitis is the correct diagnosis in this scenario.