What is the most common cause of Stevens-Johnson syndrome?

The most common cause of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a drug reaction. SJS is a severe skin reaction characterized by the rapid onset of extensive skin necrosis and sloughing of the mucous membranes. Certain medications have been identified as major triggers for this condition, including anticonvulsants (like lamotrigine, phenytoin), sulfonamide antibiotics, and allopurinol, among others.

These drug-related reactions can lead to an immune-mediated attack on the skin and mucosal tissues, resulting in the characteristic symptoms of SJS. It is essential to recognize this association, as identifying and discontinuing the offending drug is critical in managing the condition and preventing further complications.

While infections and autoimmune diseases can lead to similar presentations or may also contribute to skin conditions, they are not the primary risk factors for SJS compared to drug reactions, making drug-related causes the most significant focus in both prevention and clinical management of the syndrome.