Which drug class includes monoclonal antibodies used in the prevention of migraine headaches?

The class of drugs that includes monoclonal antibodies used in the prevention of migraine headaches is calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antagonists. This class specifically targets the CGRP pathway, which plays a significant role in migraine pathophysiology. By blocking the action of CGRP either with monoclonal antibodies or small molecules, these medications can help reduce the frequency and severity of migraines in patients. Monoclonal antibodies such as erenumab, fremanezumab, and galcanezumab have been approved for migraine prevention, showcasing their effectiveness in managing this condition.

In contrast, beta blockers, antidepressants, and calcium channel blockers are also utilized in migraine prophylaxis, but they do not function through the specific mechanism involving CGRP. Beta blockers are believed to work by stabilizing neuronal excitability and reducing frequency of migraine attacks, while certain antidepressants may help due to their effects on serotonin pathways. Calcium channel blockers can provide some relief for migraines due to their vasodilation properties but are not as specifically tailored for migraine prevention as CGRP antagonists. Thus, the unique action of CGRP antagonists makes them a distinct and effective choice for migraine management.