Which of the following is an example of end-organ damage in hypertensive emergency?

An example of end-organ damage in a hypertensive emergency is intracerebral hemorrhage. This condition arises when there is a sudden increase in blood pressure that exceeds the limits of the vasculature within the brain, leading to the rupture of blood vessels and consequent bleeding into the brain tissue. This acute situation is characterized by severe hypertension, often above 180/120 mmHg, and represents a direct consequence of elevated blood pressure causing damage to the vascular structures.

In contrast, while stroke can be a complication of poorly controlled hypertension, it is broader in scope and encompasses various types, including ischemic strokes, which are not considered end-organ damage in the same immediate way as intracerebral hemorrhage. Chronic kidney disease is a long-term consequence of sustained high blood pressure rather than an acute event; it results from prolonged hypertension leading to kidney damage over time. Similarly, coronary artery disease is also a chronic condition that develops due to sustained hypertension but does not reflect an acute hypertensive emergency scenario.

Intracerebral hemorrhage exemplifies the urgent consequences of excessive blood pressure on the organs, highlighting the acute nature of end-organ damage that can occur during a hypertensive emergency.